Reply Triggers are used to define an action, or list of actions, for a mob to perform, triggered by another action from either a player or another mob. These can be used for a variety of uses, and are very flexible.
Timed triggers are similar to Reply Triggers, only they use a specified mud-hour as the triggering event, as opposed to an inputted command. For example, these could be used to unlock city gates at a specfied time, etc.
Probably the most common of all area procs are the periodic actions, or actions taken at a regular user-defined interval. These are used most commonly for small things, like mobs that talk about cryptic things every few minutes, hookers pulling up their stockings every now and then, etc. Adding a good number of these little periodic actions can bring your mobs to life, giving them more personality than the average, silent-as-a-rock mobs.
Same as above, except instead of defining one action, or set of actions, you can specify a list of possible actions for the mob to take when the proc is called, and the code will choose *one* of the actions you specified. This is especially useful for zone echoes, and mobs with lots of personality. One would use periodic action lists to make mobs like the town fool, the town crier, or those especially talkative mobs in Ice Crag.
Paths consists of a vareity of methods in which to reliably move a mob along a series of rooms. Patrols are the most common use, but they can also be used within trigger sets for some interesting behavior. They are qutie flexible and as reliable as is possible to make them.